Professor in Botany
Ravenshaw University, Department of Botany
An academician and researcher of plant science, Sanhita Padhi is a Professor in Botany at Ravenshaw University. Her research spans different areas of Biochemistry such as Abiotic stress and Microbial Biochemistry and areas of Acoustic research such as Indian Classical Vocal & Instrumental Music and its effects on Plant Processes, Planetary Radiations, converted into sonic frequency range, and their effects on Plant Metabolism, Natural Green Music and its effects on plant life processes and Sound energy as bio-pesticides. In addition, her research also spans other fields like Magnetism and its effects on plant processes, Green technology and Bio-fuel production. She has also published and presented several research papers in referred journals and conferences / symposia of both national and international repute.
Ravenshaw University, Department of Botany
Samanta Chandra Sekhara Autonomous College, Department of Botany
Samanta Chandra Sekhara Autonomous College, Department of Botany
Samanta Chandra Sekhara Autonomous College, Department of Botany
Service Selection Board, Department of Higher Education
Ph.D. in Botany
Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack
Master of Philosophy in Botany
University of Delhi
Master of Science in Botany
Utkal University, Vani Vihar
Bachelor of Science in Botany
Utkal University, Vani Vihar
The present acoustic research work is aimed at finding the exclusive impact and effect of the harmonic octave consonants and their frequencies in different strings and closed-pipe Indian classical instrumental music displayed through various Ragaas, in a “dose-dependent” and “time-dependent” manner on different phases of seed germination, vegetative plant growth (physiognomy), plant physiological processes, flowering, fruit ripening, biochemical analysis of various compounds developed in experimental plants, phytochemical analysis leading to the identification and characterization of specific bioactive compounds, Phytohormonal analysis, proteomic analysis along with antioxidant along with antidiabetic studies and molecular studies.
In addition, we also emphasize on the development of innovative technology for therapeutic uses of sound wave as "Music Therapy" in terms of both Natural Green music and Indian classical vocal & instrumental music in plants for curative purpose of various plant diseases and also in Pest Control replacing the hazardous chemical pesticides, using particular wavelength, frequency and intensity of sound waves. We also observe the effects of various magnetic fields as well as planetary radiation, converted into sonic frequency range, on plant processes.
Microbes, as nature’s original recyclers, converting toxic organic compounds to harmless end products and have the ability to transform and/or degrade xenobiotics, we have been exploring the microbial diversity, particularly of contaminated areas in search for organism that can degrade a wide range of pollutants transforming those into less harmful hazardous compound. We are also studying the effect of various kinds of abiotic stress like high temperature, high pressure, different range of acidity and alkalinity and salinity on the microbial activity of PSB and Rhizobacteria collected from fly ash and the effect of these bacterial strain on crop productivity. We aim to analyze the impact of the use of waste from other technological processes like fly ash (resulting ash from thermal power plants), in agriculture and to put the outcome in perspective, less-favoured agricultural soil that requires complex treatments to obtain the increased crop yield.
The selected publications of Dr. Sanhita Padhi on Microbial degradation of pesticides, biochemistry, phytochemistry and antioxidant studies in plants reflect her special interest of research field in plant biochemistry and microbial biochemistry. Apart from that she has published many interesting popular science articles, reports, conference proceedings in her field of research interests. Some other current research she is pursuing, is acoustic research, i.e. effect of different kind of natural and classical sound waves at different frequencies, wave lengths and amplitudes on different physiological, biochemical processes and protein alterations in plants.
Eight morphologically different bacterial strains were isolated from rhizosphere saline soil of coastal Odisha, India. Among them only 3 rhizobacterial strains namead as P1, B1 and B2 belong to genus Bacillus had shown antibacterial activity against 5 human pathogenic bacteria in agar well diffusion method. Zone of inhibition showed by P1 against Salmonella typhi and Shigella flexneri was 8.567±0.03 and 8.133±0.03 respectively where as B2 showed 20.067±0.38 against Streptococcus pyogenes. B1 showed antibacterial activity against all the tested pathogens Streptococcus pyogenes (Gr +ve), Salmonella typhi (Gr-ve), Shigella flexneri (Gr-ve), Streptococcus mutans (Gr +ve), and Vibrio cholera (Gr-ve) i.e., 14.1±0.36, 11.767±0.21, 21.1±0.36, 21.333±0.29 and 12.1±0.2 respectively. After treatment with trypsin, organic solvents (acetone, methanol, ethanol and chloroform), heat and autoclave the metabolic activity of active components produced by test organisms were not changed.
Madhuca indica J. F. Gmel. [Syn. Madhuca longifolia var. latifolia (Roxb.) A.Chev], commonly known as “Mahua” is an economically important plant and known for its medicinal and ethnobotanical uses as well as for its edible flowers having high nutritional values. However, due to lack of scientific knowledge on its food, nutritional properties and industrial applications, the species has not been exploited to the extent possible. Hence, the present study is aimed at screening of phytochemicals, estimation of reducing power and determination of the physicochemical properties of Mahua flowers with various solvent concentrations. The chloroform, acetone, methanol, ethanol and aqueous extracts of the flowers were investigated for its phytochemical activity. Mahua flower shows higher reducing power in aqueous extracts as compared to acetone, methanol and ethanol extracts.
Diversity and dynamics of endophytic heterotrophic (HB), spore forming (SFB), spore-crystal forming (SCB), nitrifying (NB), denitrifying (DNB), phosphate solubilizing (PSB) bacteria, actinomycetes (ACT) and fungi (FUN) in leaf, stem and root of leaf folder tolerant (PTB-12 and Nivara) and susceptible (Naveen and Tapaswini) rice (Oryza spp.) genotypes were analyzed which are unattained to date. Tapaswini roots produced all 8 types endophytes but that of Nivara, Naveen and PTB12 produced 6, 5 and 4 types of communities but stems and leaves had lower diversity. The HB, SFB and SCB were universal but NB, DNB, PSB, ACT and FUN had discrete occurrence. The SCB (Bacillus thuringiensis) was recorded first time from the cultivated rice genotypes. Quantum (x102 cfu/g dr. wt.) of endophytic microbes in different parts of the rices were 0.05-53.14; higher population of HB was in O. nivara stem (4.23) and root (53.14), Naveen leaf (10.40), and SF (44.11) or SCF (41.91) in Tapaswini root. At least one part of each plant had endophytic FUN (0.05-0.88 x102 cfu/g) but ACT (0.33-1.09 x102 cfu/g) was present in root of most rices, DNB (0.05-1.33 x 102 cfu/g) was less pronounced, NB (0.05-4.10 x 102 cfu/g) was undetectable in leaf, and PSB (1.00 x 102 cfu/g) was present in Tapaswini root only. Broadly, the endophytic microbes were 2-4 exponent lower than the native soil microbial pool. Wide dynamics and diversity of beneficial endo-microbial communities would variously help growth and development of the rice genotypes, and the B. thuringiensis would intrinsically suppress rice pests and diseases.
Diversity and dynamics of endophytic heterotrophic (HB), spore forming (SFB), spore-crystal forming (SCB), nitrifying (NB), denitrifying (DNB), phosphate solubilizing (PSB) bacteria, actinomycetes (ACT) and fungi (FUN) in leaf, stem and root of leaf folder tolerant (PTB-12 and Nivara) and susceptible (Naveen and Tapaswini) rice (Oryza spp.) genotypes were analyzed which are unattained to date. Tapaswini roots produced all 8 types endophytes but that of Nivara, Naveen and PTB12 produced 6, 5 and 4 types of communities but stems and leaves had lower diversity. The HB, SFB and SCB were universal but NB, DNB, PSB, ACT and FUN had discrete occurrence. The SCB (Bacillus thuringiensis) was recorded first time from the cultivated rice genotypes. Quantum (x102 cfu/g dr. wt.) of endophytic microbes in different parts of the rices were 0.05-53.14; higher population of HB was in O. nivara stem (4.23) and root (53.14), Naveen leaf (10.40), and SF (44.11) or SCF (41.91) in Tapaswini root. At least one part of each plant had endophytic FUN (0.05-0.88 x102 cfu/g) but ACT (0.33-1.09 x102 cfu/g) was present in root of most rices, DNB (0.05-1.33 x 102 cfu/g) was less pronounced, NB (0.05-4.10 x 102 cfu/g) was undetectable in leaf, and PSB (1.00 x 102 cfu/g) was present in Tapaswini root only. Broadly, the endophytic microbes were 2-4 exponent lower than the native soil microbial pool. Wide dynamics and diversity of beneficial endo-microbial communities would variously help growth and development of the rice genotypes, and the B. thuringiensis would intrinsically suppress rice pests and diseases.
Endospheric microbiome of unexplored wild rice, Oryza brachyantha (OB), was studied. Endogenous heterotrophic, spore forming, spore-crystal forming, nitrifying, denitrifying, P solubilizing bacteria, actinomycetes, and fungi in leaves, stems and roots were (0.07-4.48, 0.06-4.08, 5.00-4.00, 0.56-1.40, 0.06-0.40, 0.07, 0.03 and 0.14-8.00) x10 2 cfu/g, respectively and endo-colonizers were 5-6 times more in roots than other plant parts. Phenotypic characters, cry + /cyt + in 6 SCF and 16S rDNA phylogeny of 2 potent SCF ascertained their identity as Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). For the first time, 6 polyvalent Bt with biocidal and plant growth promotion (PGP) functions were identified from the wild rice OB. All endo-Bt possessed diverse anti-lepidopteran cry genes which predicted their virulence against rice leaf folder (LF), Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenee. Only cry2 or cyt primers amplified expected sized amplicons from Bt 18, 20 and 21. Bt18 and Bt21 killed 60% LF larvae in vitro by 2.65x10 4 and 7.56x10 4 cfu/ml and the former one was more virulent. They produced siderophore, amylase, protease etc. which would induce natural tolerance of OB against bacterial and fungal pathogens. Besides, the Bt had other PGP traits too viz., nitrate reduction, ammonia production, P solubilization etc. Therefore, the endo-microbiome of OB would modulate endospheric functionalities, promote growth and development, and impart natural endurance to OB against pests and diseases. Structure and function of phytonic Bacillus thuringiensis of wild rice genotype Oryza brachyantha A. Chev. and Roehr.
Eighty Chromosome Segment Substitution Lines (CSSL) developed in the background of Curinga x O. rufipogon and Curinga x O. meridionalis along with four checks (tolerant and susceptible) were subjected to vegetative and reproductive stage drought stress. At vegetative stage, drought stress significantly reduced total chlorophyll content, relative leaf water content with an increase in proline content. RUF-44, MER-13 and MER-20 were found promising with consistent performances in various morpho-physiological observations. The higher accumulation of proline, more chlorophyll retention and more relative leaf water content at vegetative stage during moisture stress were major criteria for stable yield production of drought tolerant CSSLs. At reproductive stage stress, the CSSLs with high grain yield, minimal relative yield reduction (RYR) and lowest susceptibility index (DSI) were considered as drought tolerant and the reverse as susceptible line. RYR and DSI along with high grain yield under moisture stress was observed in MER-20 and MER-13 with 81.84% and 8.35% RYR and 0.83 and 0.11 DSI values in dry and wet seasons respectively. However, the extent of RYR was maximum with high DSI in IR 20 and Curinga in both the seasons.
Our natural world is extremely rich in resources. Hence, it plays a diverse role in the field of therapeutics. As the Earth’s surface is covered by more than 70% of the oceans, marine organisms can therefore be considered as an excellent source of bioactive compounds. Bioactive compound or biologically active compounds are the compounds that are effective on a living organism, tissue or cell. Examples of certain bioactive compounds and flavonoids, carotenoids, polysaccharides, glucosinates, polyphenols, and many more. Numerous bioactive compounds having heterogeneous function such as antiproliferative, antioxidant, and anti-microtubule have been extracted from the marine sources. Macroalgae or Seaweed, a word that includes the macroscopic, multicellular or benthic marine algae, is thought to be an exceptional source of bioactive compounds because they are enriched with different kinds of secondary metabolites exhibiting various biological activities and have extensively been utilized for the treatment of various kinds of diseases. Several unpolished or partly refined polysaccharides from many brown, green and red algae have been confirmed for their diverse curing activities. Recent trends in drug research indicated macroalgaeto be promising as novel and sustainable sources of bioactive compounds for both pharmaceutical and nutraceutical applications. The proper development of marine algae compounds will be helpful in pharmaceutical product development and in the development of the pharmaceutical industry.
Waste-to-Energy (WtE) is the process by which the waste materials are converted into different forms of energy such as heat, steam or syngas. These principal sources of energy are either used to generate electricity or synthetic fuels or can be utilized directly. The processes carried out using WtE technologies brings about the transformation of caloric energy present in the waste materials into energy that can be efficiently used. Waste-to-Energy operation liberates this energy from waste material present in residual solid waste like scrap timber, textiles, different types of organic waste and inorganic waste items or municipal solid waste (MSW) that are difficult to be recovered. Various technologies are available to convert the municipal corporation waste (MSW) feedstock into heat, electricity or steam. Incineration is the most common method implemented in WtE technology which is known to be the direct combustion of organic materials. Other new WtE processes include thermal technologies such as gasification, plasma-arc gasification, pyrolysis and certain biological methods consisting of anaerobic digestion and aerobic digestion combustion of organic materials. It has been found that in the year 2011, 2 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) was produced by the rising urban population and this estimate is said to increase to approximately 2.9 billion tons by the year 2022 which has an unused potential. Both Asia-Pacific and Europe operates approximately 800 thermal WtE plants in around 40 countries worldwide. The number of WtE plants is expected to increase rapidly within the next 20 years and it would be capable of producing 151 terawatt hours (tWh) of electricity by treating 396 million tons of MSW annually by 2022. Hence, waste-to-energy technology is quickly becoming an important and attractive idea of waste treatment, encouraging a scenario of renewable energy production with the reduction in global carbon emission. It also provides jobs along with good paying and promotes achievement of recycling goals.
Fruits and vegetables form the major part of our balanced diet. The growth of the population has lead to the considerable increase in the demand for more consumption of fruits and vegetables which has also culminated the illness associated with these fruits and vegetables. With the development of science and technology, people not only require the food to be safe, but also they require it to keep their original flavour and nutritional value intact. Fungal contamination and some post harvest handling are the most common causes of the spoilage of fresh produce. Countermeasures include the synthetic fungicides, pesticides and pre packaged sanitation treatments including the use of chlorine and bromine. The traditional chemical storage method became unsuccessful to satisfy the growing demand of the people. Newer novel methods like ozone storage, plasma fresh keeping technology, electrolyzed reduction water technology, ultrasonic processing technology, photo-catalysis, super ice-temperature technology and ice film storage technology are now in focus. Ozone storage and photo-catalysis are the two promising fresh keeping technology for keeping the fruits and vegetables fresh along with their original flavour and nutritional value. Ozone is a viable alternative to those fungicides and pesticides as it is effective against a wide spectrum of microorganisms and does not leave any residues on the treated produce. In order to implement this technology and to know about its mode of action, it is necessary to study about ozone, its production, its concentration, the way of product packaging, standardizing the working conditions and the units to measure ozone concentration. Ethylene causes unwanted ripening, spoilage and financial losses. Photo-catalysis offers the greatest potential for removing ethylene preserving the produce both on Earth and also during spaceflights. In this method a catalyst and light acts together to remove ethylene by converting it into carbon dioxide and water.
Though the use of Organochlorine pesticides significantly develops the economic status of many developing countries by increasing the crop yield and preventing the vector-borne diseases, but it becomes a serious threat to our environment increasing serious health problems. The persistence of Organochlorine pesticide, Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and its isomers are toxic and cause hepatotoxic, immune-toxic, reproductive, and developmental effects. These become persistent in the soil and environment for a longer period due to their recalcitrant properties and their slow bioconversion into inorganic compounds. Hence, these are biomagnified into the tropic level and cause acute and chronic health problems. Though the use of HCH is banned in developed countries still several developing countries are using lindane (HCH) in domestic and agriculture purposes including India. Different abiotic factors like moisture, pH and Eh, temperature, organic matters affect the persistence of HCH.
Anti snake venom serum is the only rescue method in health centerswhen there is a fatal snakebite condition. And these anti venoms derived from animal tissues are not properly designedso they have a lot of side effects like anaphylaxis and even a high dose can be fatal. So insteadof serum anti venom, various plant products can be used which have less side effects. Theseplant extracts must be tested in silico with their structure for effective proper binding with thetarget venom protein. These herbal antidotes must be designed in such a way that it can targetthe venom protein. To know the exact lead compound which can act upon that protein,Bioinformatics tools are used as a starting point for in silico lead compound development. Toxicprotein are downloaded from PDB site and are docked with probable lead compound and basedon the docking respective lead compounds are screened. This is an attempt to show theprobable lead compounds extracted from plants which can act upon various venom proteinsand can be a probable cure for wide ranges of snake bites.
Organochlorine pesticides are chlorinated hydrocarbons used extensively in agriculture and mosquito control. These compounds are typically very persistent in the environment, and are known for accumulating in sediments, plants and animals. Endosulfan is a characteristic organochlorine pesticide having functional groups chlorine and sulphur, controls a large spectrum of pests. In general, Endosulfan is less persistent in environment than other cyclodienes, but can persist in soil and water environment for 3 to 6 months and more. α-Endosulfan showed a bi-exponential form of degradation for all water content temperature experiments. The persistence varies depending upon the climatic conditions and physico-chemical characteristics like pH, organic matter content and particle size of the soil in the area. Degradation of the two isomers, α- and β-Endosulfan, does occur in temperate/tropical soil and aquatic systems, both by abiotic and biotic processes. In general, degradation of this pesticide is found to be relatively higher in the clay soil than in the sandy soil. The proposed a pathway of degradation of Endosulfan by different bacterial and fungal cultures, shows its metabolic products as: endosulphate followed by endodiol, endohydroxy ether and endolactone. A soil bacterium is able to degrade 50% Endosulfan by converting it to Endosulfan sulphate within 3 days of its incubation. The major isomers of Endosulfan (Endosulfan-α), are degraded by a mixed population of anaerobic microorganisms to endodiol under anaerobic and methanogenic conditions. Endosulfan is only moderately persistent in soil under aerobic conditions. Achromobacter xylosoxidans, an aerobic bacterium, can degrade 94.12% α-Endosulfan, 84.52% β-Endosulfan and 80.10% Endosulfan sulphate using it as sulfur source. Isolated strains of Aspergillus niger, a fungus, can also degrade Endosulfan to endodiol. Different factors, such as: Soil redox potential, Soil organic matter, Soil acidity, soil temperature, soil salinity and chemicals also affect Endosulfan degradation. Further studies on the reduction of the half-life of organochlorine pesticides in the environment can prevent their biomagnification into the natural habitat. Also advance research on the molecular mechanism of microbial degradation can be focused for the development of genetically modified microbes for the degradation of the dead end products of these organochlorine pesticides.
Moringa is the single genus under the family Moringaceae. The colour of the refined Moringa Seed Oil is clear, light yellow and odorless. The powerful and exceptional anti-aging properties of this oil provide nutrition to the skin and relieve ageing signs. Moringa Oil contains four times as much collagen as carrot oil, thus helping to rebuild the skin’s collagen fibers, which reduces wrinkling and removes skin blemishes. Many antioxidants and nutrients present in Moringa oil inhibit activities of free radicals on the skin causing damage to skin tissue paving the way for skin wrinkles. It cleans acne-prone skin, reduces signs of aging, firms’ skin and promotes elasticity. Moringa contains a range of unique phytochemicals containing simple sugars, rhamnose and rich in compounds called glucosinolates and iso-thiocyanates. The seeds of Moringa oleifera contain phytochemicals like glycolides, alkaloids, flavonoids and carbohydrates. Seed coat of Moringa oleifera contains alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, diterpenoids, cardiac glycoside, phytosterols and tannins. Anthraquinones, a group of naturally occurring phenolic compounds, showing laxative propertiesare plentily available in M. oleifera leaves. The seeds contain Moringyne, 4-(α-L-rhamnosyloxy) benzyl isothiocyanate & several amino acids. Moringa oleifera oil is considered as potential feed stock for biodiesel. Moringa seed oil is well suited for cosmetics production as it is exceptionally stable at high temperatures. The oil contain a percentage yield of 26.9%, specific gravity of 1.1827, saponification value 187.5, indicatingthe presence of long carbon chain and can be used in making soap.Due to its resistance to rancidity and enfleurage property, it is highly valuedin the perfume industry and hair dressings. 74% oleic acid content in Moringaoil enables it for improved oxidation stability and thus act as a good base fluids. Moringa oleifera also has numerous medicinal uses, which have long been recognized in the Ayurvedic and Unani systems of medicine. The presence of flavonoids in the oil is recognized to have antioxidant and anti-proliferative effects which may protect the body from various diseases and disorders. M. oleifera also have many pharmacological activities such as: anti-cancer, antiinflammatory, antidiabetic, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, strongly inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, Shigella species and Candida albicans. It is also hepatoprotective.
In recent time focus on plant research has increased all over the world and a large no ofevidence has collected to show immense potential of plants and their uses in various aspects. Madhuca indica J.F.Gmel. is commonly known as Mahua is an economically important plant belongs to family Sapotaceae. The goal of research work is comparative estimation of primary compounds such as total carbohydrate, reducing sugar, total lipid, total amino acids, protein, moisture and carotenoids from both dry and fresh corolla and assay of catalase, Peroxidase, and SOD activity from leaves. Highest amount of carbohydrate (602mg/g), reducing sugar (298mg/g) and protein (53.86mg/g) was observed in dry corolla, as compared to carbohydrate (213mg/g), reducing sugar (99.28mg/g), and protein (15.54mg/g) content of fresh corolla. Moisture content was high in fresh corolla (728mg/g) in contrast to dry corolla (110.62mg/g).Comparative account of total amino acid (16.4mg/g), carotenoids (33.39μg/g) content of dry corolla showed higher level than fresh corolla total amino acid (5.6mg/g), carotenoids (2.868μg/g). Dry corolla content lower amount of total lipid (22.6mg/g) as compared to fresh corolla (113.6mg/g).The antioxidant activity of the enzymes Catalase, peroxidase and superoxide dismutase was 270unit-1g, 7×103unit-1g and 1.02unit-1g in leaves.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schard. is an important medicinal plant belonging to family Cucurbitaceae. The seeds of the plant are rich in oil which attracts many scientists to study the biofuel potential of the extracted oil. In the present research, considering the great medicinal value the seeds, the content of the non defatted seeds, extracted using methanol as solvent, were tested for various phytochemical analysis and yield of methanolic extraction was 21.15% for phytochemical screening. The extract of seeds, when analysed qualitatively for various phytochemical screening, showed positive response for alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, terpenoids and quinones, whereas the leaf extract, on qualitative analysis for its phytochemical screening showed positive response for phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids and tannins. Oxalates and glycosides were absent both in seed and leaf extracts.
Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schard. is an important medicinal plant belonging to family Cucurbitaceae. The seeds of the plant are rich in oil which attracts many scientists to study its potential for the production of bio-fuel from the extracted oil. Taking this important aspect of this plant, the present research work was done emphasising on the study of its seed-oil. The percentage yield of oil from its seeds was found to be (18.66%). Characterising its potential on the basis of its physiochemical parameters such as acid value, saponification value, peroxide value and moisture content, it showed its acid value to be 4.445mgKOH, saponification value to be 177.97mgKOH and peroxide value to be 0.009 .TLC analysis of the crude oil from Citrullus colocynthis seed showed that the major constituents were mainly the triglycerides (Rf=0.66), free fatty acids (Rf=0.37), phospholipids (Rf=0.25) and sterols (Rf=0.16) along with other minor unidentified constituents.
Waste-to-Energy (WtE) is the process by which the waste materials are converted into different forms of energy such as heat, steam or syngas. These principal sources of energy are either used to generate electricity or synthetic fuels or can be utilized directly. The processes carried out using WtE technologies brings about the transformation of caloric energy present in the waste materials into energy that can be efficiently used. Waste-to-Energy operation liberates this energy from waste material present in residual solid waste like scrap timber, textiles, different types of organic waste and inorganic waste items or municipal solid waste (MSW) that are difficult to be recovered. Various technologies are available to convert the municipal corporation waste (MSW) feedstock into heat, electricity or steam. Incineration is the most common method implemented in WtE technology which is known to be the direct combustion of organic materials. Other new WtE processes include thermal technologies such as gasification, plasma-arc gasification, pyrolysis and certain biological methods consisting of anaerobic digestion and aerobic digestion combustion of organic materials. It has been found that in the year 2011, 2 million tons of municipal solid waste (MSW) was produced by the rising urban population and this estimate is said to increase to approximately 2.9 billion tons by the year 2022 which has an unused potential. Both Asia-Pacific and Europe operates approximately 800 thermal WtE plants in around 40 countries worldwide. The number of WtE plants is expected to increase rapidly within the next 20 years and it would be capable of producing 151 terawatt hours (tWh) of electricity by treating 396 million tons of MSW annually by 2022. Hence, waste-to-energy technology is quickly becoming an important and attractive idea of waste treatment, encouraging a scenario of renewable energy production with the reduction in global carbon emission. It also provides jobs along with good paying and promotes achievement of recycling goals.
Fruits and vegetables form the major part of our balanced diet. The growth of the population has lead to the considerable increase in the demand for more consumption of fruits and vegetables which has also culminated the illness associated with these fruits and vegetables. With the development of science and technology, people not only require the food to be safe, but also they require it to keep their original flavour and nutritional value intact. Fungal contamination and some post harvest handling are the most common causes of the spoilage of fresh produce. Countermeasures include the synthetic fungicides, pesticides and pre packaged sanitation treatments including the use of chlorine and bromine. The traditional chemical storage method became unsuccessful to satisfy the growing demand of the people. Newer novel methods like ozone storage, plasma fresh keeping technology, electrolyzed reduction water technology, ultrasonic processing technology, photo-catalysis, super ice-temperature technology and ice film storage technology are now in focus. Ozone storage and photo-catalysis are the two promising fresh keeping technology for keeping the fruits and vegetables fresh along with their original flavour and nutritional value. Ozone is a viable alternative to those fungicides and pesticides as it is effective against a wide spectrum of microorganisms and does not leave any residues on the treated produce. In order to implement this technology and to know about its mode of action, it is necessary to study about ozone, its production, its concentration, the way of product packaging, standardizing the working conditions and the units to measure ozone concentration. Ethylene causes unwanted ripening, spoilage and financial losses. Photo-catalysis offers the greatest potential for removing ethylene preserving the produce both on Earth and also during spaceflights. In this method a catalyst and light acts together to remove ethylene by converting it into carbon dioxide and water.
Accelerated degradation of soil applied pesticides, upon their repeated application, is the result of proliferation of microorganism degrading candidate pesticide and can undermine the efficacy of the pesticide under consideration. In the present study, experiments were conducted both in greenhouse and in laboratory conditions to examine the development of enhanced degradation of vinclozolin in mineral salts medium inoculated with soil suspension from unplanted and planted flooded alluvial soils untreated or pre-treated with commercial HCH and vice versa. Results demonstrated that 15 days after fourth application, approximately 97% of vinclozolin was degraded in the suspension from planted pots. The development of enhanced biodegradation of γ-HCH was examined in a mineral salts medium inoculated with soil suspensions from unplanted or planted flooded alluvial soils untreated or pre-treated with commercial vinclozolin. 15 days after third application, only a trace of γ-HCH was recovered from the soil suspension from planted pots. The rice plants played a definite and important role in influencing the development of enhanced degradation of both the pesticides.
Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) population of the saline soils of Subarnpur, Bhitarkanika, Sujorerecrek, Mahisamunda and Rajkanika of Bhitarkanika mangrove delta in Kendrapada district of Odisha was assessed. The phenotypic characters and 16SrRNA genes confirmed that the crystal forming isolates (n=15) were Bacillus thuringiensis. Physiological, biochemical and crystal characters of the Bt were not identical pointing diversity of resident Bt population of the mangrove. The Bt isolates tolerated 3-19% NaCl, as well as possessed the ectoine (ectC and ectABC) genes which proved intrinsic osmotolerance of the Bt population of the Bhitarkanika mangrove ecology. Therefore, the results suggest that the salt tolerant Bt could be exploited for pest control in the saline inland and mangrove ecologies of India.
Zinc, Lead, Chromium and Cadmium are well known for their potential toxicity towards Microbial and other life forms. Reports regarding the occurrence of these toxic metals as pollutants in rice fields suggest that there is a shift in the structural diversities and catabolic capacities of soil bacteria when subjected to heavy metals in any metal contaminated soil. Experiments were conducted to study the influence of some heavy metals like Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr on the aerobic degradation of γ-hexachlorocyclohexane. The HCH degrading bacteria used for this study, viz; Bascillus pumillus, Coryneform sp. and Ochrobacterium anthropi were collected from different rice soils varying widely in their physico-chemical characteristics. These are isolated and identified in the soil microbiology laboratory at the Central Rice Research Institute, Cuttack basing on their morphological, physiological and biological characteristics. The toxic levels of these metals on these bacteria were studied. Results demonstrated that at 50 μg g-1 amendment of these heavy metals in the media, γ-HCH degradation by these bacteria was only marginally affected. Thus, they can be used in the bioremediation programme of xenobiotics as the results indicated that B. pumillus, Coryneform sp. and O. anthropi could effectively degrade the HCH isomers in environment contaminated with Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cd each up to 50 μg g-1 level.
Both γ-HCH and Vinclozolin being organochlorine compounds, investigation was made to find out any enhancement of Vinclozolin degradation upon pre-exposure to γ-HCH or vice versa. In MS medium inoculated with soil suspensions from unplanted or planted flooded alluvial soils, untreated or retreated with commercial vinclozolin, only traces of γ-HCH was recovered from media inoculated with soil suspensions from planted pots. Interestingly, soils planted to rice and maintained under flooded condition exhibited clear-cut enhancement of γ-HCH degradation in the experiment.
Saline environment are colonized by a variety of bacterial population which might have a role in the chemical breakdown of certain macromolecules. In a laboratory incubation study, Ochrobactrum anthropi isolated from saline soil and Sphingomonas paucimobilis isolated from non-saline alluvial soil were tested for their degrading ability for γ-HCH. O. anthropi grew well in media having high concentration of salts and also exhibited enhanced aerobic degradation of γ-HCH as compared to lower growth and slower γ-HCH degradation by S. paucimobilis. Though salinity of 5ds.m-1 or more seriously interfere with the microbial activity and soil fertility, the high degenerative ability of O. anthropic at 16ds.m-1 suggested that the production of degradative enzymes from the reference bacteria may be determined by the salt level as well as the growth phase of the bacteria. Both of these factors were responsible for modifying physiological and structural characteristics of the bacteria under the prevailing saline condition.
Heavy metals affect the growth, morphology and metabolism, of microorganisms of soils through functional disturbance, protein denaturation or the destruction of integrity of cell membrane. Investigations on the effect of heavy metals like Zn and Cr on the aerobic degradative ability of soil bacteria, Bacillus pumilus, isolated from acid sulphate soil suggested that at 50μg.g-1 amended of Zn in the mineral salts medium, γ-HCH degradation was reduced by 88%, whereas MS medium without Zn amendment was 95% after 72 hr of incubation. Similarly, in the MS medium without Cr amendment, γ-HCH degradation by B. pumilus was 94% after 72 hr of incubation. Whereas, the medium amended with 50μg.g-1 of Cr, γ-HCH degradation was reduced to 82%.
The impact of pre-exposure of HCH degrading bacteria to other isomers of HCH was investigated. Most of the bacteria effected rapid degradation of γ-HCH following their previous exposure to other isomers of HCH. Amongst them Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Ochrobactrum anthropi were found to be most effective in completely degrading γ-HCH within 48 hr of incubation. Increased degrading abilities of these bacteria in response to their pre-exposure to other isomers of HCH might be due to the adaptive response of the bacteria.
The persistence of vinclozolin in three tropical rice soils, widely varying in their physicochemical characteristics, was compared under both non‐flooded and flooded conditions. Degradation of the fungicide was more rapid in all the soils under flooded conditions than under non‐flooded conditions. Kinetic analysis indicated that the degradation of the fungicide followed a first‐order reaction irrespective of soil or water regime. Soil acidity and salinity significantly affected the persistence of the fungicide under non‐flooded conditions. The degradation of the dicarboxymide fungicide was enhanced following repeated applications to an alluvial soil under both water regimes, with the enhancement being more marked under flooded conditions. Faster degradation of vinclozolin in mineral salts medium inoculated with non‐sterile suspension from retreated alluvial soil indicates the involvement of micro‐organisms. 3,5‐Dichloroaniline was detected as a metabolite in the degradation of the fungicide in both soil and mineral salts medium.
Dr. Padhi, in her drive to enhance her research and training abilities, has amassed a vast wealth of information and knowledge related to her academic field over the years. This has resulted in her substantially high proficiency in her field of expertise. She has also earned a significant amount of respect amongst her peers and students due to her willingness to share her wisdom and knowledge to any qualified candidate in order to guide them in the pursuit of their academic career. The following is the list of training recieved and/or imparted by Dr. Padhi till date.
Training Programme on Role of Microorganisms in Adaptation of Agricultural Crop Plants to Climate Change by Odisha Environmental Congress conducted at Museum of Natural History, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Department of Science and Technology's INSPIRE Programme for Students by Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha.
Training Programme on "Overcoming Adversities - A Challenge for Women" by International Leadership Institute, South Asia.
National Faculty-Training Programme for Women on Training Women Leaders & Changing Lives by International Leadership Institute, South Asia.
SPF Training Programme on Integrity and Leadership by Student Professional Fellowship, Kolkata.
SPF Training Programme on Cultural Relevance in Grooming Women Leaders by Student Professional Fellowship, Bhubaneswar.
National Women Conference on Socio-economic Developmental Challenges before Women Scientists, Technologists & Engineers by National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha.
Summer Training for Teachers by Govt. College, Phulbani, Odisha.
Summer Training for Teachers by District Institute of Educational and Training Courses, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
National Convention (SPIC-MACAY) by Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha.
Refresher Course by University Grants Commission Academic Staff College, Bharthiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu.
Refresher Course by University Grants Commission Academic Staff College, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Research Training on Study of Molecular Basis of γ-HCH degradation by HCH degrading bacteria by Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai.
Refresher Course on Behaviour of Abnormal Cell with Special Reference to Crown Gall Disease by University Grants Commission Academic Staff College, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh.
Refresher Course on Advanced Methodology in Plant Science by University Grants Commission Academic Staff College, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
Senior Research Fellowship Programme in Histochemistry & Embryology by Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.
During her long and illustrious academic career, Dr. Padhi has occupied several key positions in a multitude of organizations of both national and international repute. She has also contributed significantly to the growth and enhancement of the said organizations, along with the growth and enhancement of many other organizations who have approached her seeking collaboration and/or guidance. Due to her vast experience in her field of expertise, she has also served as a reviewer of several national and international journals. The following is an abridged list of her professional contributions till date.
The following is a selected collection of memorable snapshots highlighting the different events, achievements and responsibilites of Dr. Padhi during her academic career. It provides a window into her acadameic life and serves to emphasize her relationship with her students, scholars, colleagues and fellow academicians. It also showcases the respect and recognition she has earned over the years as an academician and as a person.
I would be happy to talk to you if you need my assistance in your research or if you intend to collaborate for the same. Though I have limited time for students but I always strive to make sure that I am available for them should they need my guidance. However, a call or intimation prior to an actual meeting is still appreciated and recommended.
You can find me at my office located at Ravenshaw University, Department of Botany in Cuttack, Odisha.
If I am not at my work or my lab you will find me at my office on weekdays between 10:00 am and 05:00 pm, but you may consider a call to fix an appointment.
You can find me at my Work located at Ravenshaw University, Department of Botany in Cuttack, Odisha.
If I am not in my office or my lab you will find me conducting classes on weekdays between 10:00 am and 05:00 pm, but you may consider a call to fix an appointment.
You can find me at my lab located at Ravenshaw University, Department of Botany in Cuttack, Odisha.
If I am not in my office or conducting classes you will find me at my lab on weekdays between 10:00 am and 05:00 pm, but you may consider a call to fix an appointment.